Sunday, February 27, 2011

The life of David Gale Review

Rui Chen
02-18-2011
02-27-2011

Usual Suspects(1995), Se7en(1995) and LA Confidential(1997) 都是Kevin的作品,不温不火的演出似是他最大的特点,这个特点也在American Beauty(1999)中非常有表现(饰演Lester Burnham),家里面也是Carolyn Burnham说了算。当然,也不是说这一特点在哪里都试用,LA Confidential中,Jack Vincennes 似乎就没有太大的作为就挂掉了,并没有作为很好的主线,然而Usual Suspects, Se7en就不得不拍手叫好了。前后强烈的反差演出为两部电影这种比较浓厚的悬疑或者心理上的冲击、震撼(或者说恐怖)。

今天又看了一部Kevin Spacey的片子, The Life of David Gale(2003),非常的不错,就像是animal Kingdom的结尾一枪,最后Gale的录影带也算是给影片添加了一些悲壮,死刑的争论依然在继续,但是殉道者依然做出了明确的表态。

生死总是一个宏大、引人注目的主题,而站在其对立面的死刑却又是那么的冷酷,完全的可以控制,时间、地点、甚至是花销成本,仿佛一切的一切都是准确无误不容商议的。那我最近所学到的一个术语,就是stereotype来形容,绝佳不过了。处于一种对自我的肯定,或者说大多数人的自信,人们总是认为自己做的是如此正确,而恰恰是这种大多数人、相互鼓励式的肯定,让一种人与人之间的偏执成为了真理,一种多数人对少数人的绝对话语权或者说是某种程度上的专制。很显然,这部片子就是在这样一个框架下展开的,当Gale这位奥斯丁的哲学系教授站在州长的对立面时,我其实是很敬重的,人民选出的州长是一种大多数人的民意体现,或者说是大多数人的话语表达,而Gale,只不过是社会上的精英分子,代表的只是自身,或者说是少数派,所以,即使是当州长不知不觉而认同希特勒的话时,他并不显得着急,而是反过来质问100多个人(被Gale提醒准确的数字为131个人)中有谁是被误杀的,如果有,我马上申请州法院废除死刑。这段对话是非常有感染力的,他让我们看到了民意的强大,让我们看到了多数派在少数派面前的蛮横、不讲理,甚至是有时候会质疑这些不相干的少数派的目的和动机。而当镜头对准每一个WatchDeath 所无力保护,无奈叉掉的照片时,现实的震撼告诉我们悲痛对于每一个家庭都是难以承受的。

看着看着,我竟然发现了此片和Usual Suspects惊人的相识,都是出人意料的结局,同样是贯穿始终的对话,一个让我们最后对其痛恨不已,认为应当绳之以法,另一个却最后发现是一个殉道者,心生敬意。Kevin Spacey一次又一次的精彩演出让我敬佩,但之于情节和立意,后者显然要高出很多,也许有人会讲,Usual Suspects在那样一个律案刑侦片兴起的年代,开创了一种"误导"之先河。而这个the Life of David Gale的意义和震撼则大抵相对于Minority Report(2002),但现实感显然要超出后者很多。

其实重头至尾,我们的位置与Bitsey Bloom无疑,我们也会提出"为什么选我来做这个面谈","为什么要这么晚才做这次面谈"。和Usual Suspects不同,这个对话并不是要展示如何基于大家的偏见,去骗警长或者是观众,而更准确地说是要布道,其死刑之前的肺腑之言,也自然而然地会让人去相信他过往的故事的真实,以及他故事的寓意,一个哲学教授真正的身体力行。诚如他所言,他眼中的Bitsey Bloom不仅仅是一个良心记者,更重要的是有着为着良心的铁窗经历,她才最适合去走这份重要的记录和解读。所以,就像是耶稣或者是苏格拉底,在死于犹大的出卖或者雅典的毒酒之时,他们的内心都是非常的淡然的。

尽管我也是在强调此片和US的差异,但涉及到故事的真实,我还是有所怀疑的,每一段都是回忆,每一段都有对应的关键词,而布道的本质,或者说一种思想意识的主导,让这些回忆都变得非常的有序,先是什么,后是什么,前因后果,不必要的情节都给省去了。那我们就要想为什么会有Berlin的出现(Berlin可能只是一个工具,可能存在,但是谁都不认识她,因为她已经被开除了的,试想一个被开除了的人,怎么可能还上诉,只是为了搞坏Gale的名声而已),为什么会有儿子的早餐和爸爸早餐的惊人相似(爸爸临刑前的早餐一模一样),为什么会要讲到那个宠物(原来这个宠物里面有录像带),是不是有些毛骨悚然了,^_^。我想说这些可能都是设下的圈套,可能这本质其实是与Usual Suspects一样,所有的细节都是伏笔,都不重要,而录像带可能才是我们观众的解脱。

不得不承认生死在讨论道德话题上的神奇作用,而这部片子这样的叙事安排(嫌疑人似的真是模糊)和叙事架构(哲学教授和良心记者)让我不得不觉得这是一部上等之作。

[ZZ]美国电影,就是女孩加枪

美国电影,就是女孩加枪
——戈达尔曾经说,这句话是格里菲斯说的……
单万里,中国电影艺术研究中心研究员(2007年06月16日)
 
    美国电影就是女孩加枪。国内不少搞外国电影研究的人都知道这句话,而且有多个版本,有的把“女孩”说成 “女人”,有的把“美国”去掉,说成“电影就是一个女人加一把枪”。在我所看到的版本中,最有趣的也许是一位山东少年有梦的孩子演绎的山东版:“电影就是 一个娘们加一把枪。”对于这句话,每一个人都可以有自己的理解,我不打算在此表达对这句话的理解,只想考证一下它的出处。有人说这句话出自法国导演戈达 尔,有人说这句话出自美国导演格里菲斯。根据我几年前翻译的一篇戈达尔访谈录,这句话出自格里菲斯。法国《电影手册》杂志2001年第05期发表戈达尔谈 论他的新片《爱情颂歌》(2001,又译《爱情研究院》)的访谈录,其中有这样一段对话:
    采访者问:您在《电影史》中说过:美国就是“一个女孩和一把枪”。戈达尔答:说这句话的格里菲斯,而不是我。当时他想表达的意思很简单:只要有一把手枪和一个女孩,就可以拍一部电影。同样,我在看完《意大利之旅》(Voyage en Italie)之后觉得:只要有两个人在轿车里,就可以拍一部电影。这是可能的,如果你同意的话。勒卢什就这样做了,但不等于说这样就能拍出好片子来。可是我记得,当时我如果能对自己说出下面这样一句话,我就感到非常宽慰:“无论如何,即便是用纸和笔画下来,而不是用摄影机和胶片拍出来,它都不是小说,而是电影。”拍电影是需要经费的,哪怕需要的经费很少。其实,即使是在今天,即使是拍一个小小的录像片(人们已经不做这样的事情 了),也需要最起码的预算,而且不是小数目,每个月要有一万法朗以上的稳定收入。我相当重视电影机制中为筹措资金所做的努力,因为这种努力让我接近生活, 我们应该赢得生活,在赢得生活的同时赢得电影。(这段文字摘自《漫长的故事——与戈达尔谈〈爱情颂歌〉》,原载法国《电影手册》杂志2001年第05期。 雅克·朗斯埃尔、夏尔·戴松2001年04月04日在巴黎采访,莎拉·塞卡丽记录整理。本文已由单万里译成中文,待发表)。
 
出处地址:link

Friday, February 18, 2011

旅游在佛州

Rui Chen
02-18

出去玩总是会有很多经典的路线展现在眼前,但是发现他有时候并不是太适合我,套用别人对我的说法,"我有时候有点赶,玩地不是很放松"。玩似乎也是一件很有学问的事情,出去玩无非就是一段时光的流连,一种情绪的回味,因此,照片、视频作为调剂总是缺少不了。而上次的Miami七日行为我的传统旅游方式(寄邮票)之外,增添了一些新的玩意和惊喜,应该说那次旅行Everglades, Big Cypress, and Biscayne 这三个国家公园让我认识了Passport to National parks 这个东西,而John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park有让我了解了State Park's passport. 当然这些都是美国公园管理娱乐性的一面。其中,各个地方的Visitor Center也给了我很深的影响。Visitor Center 顾名思义就是游客到访的第一站,里面有很多的宣传资料,大部分是塑料制成的模型还有一些Vedio,给每个游客都是很多全面综合的印象。

佛州是有名的阳光之州,但是并不是四季如夏,能够常年的保持一样的景色,我们去的那段时间在Big Cypress和Everglades就算是Dry Season,所以我们并没有能很好地感受到一些雨林似的东西,同时,气温也不是足够的怡人,我们在Key West也不好直接去体验那清凉的海水。Snorkel 或者说 CUBA diving也没有机会体验也算是一点小小的遗憾。

但是,领略过著名South Beach的夜色,体验过Lincoln Road的喧嚣,感受过North Beach上五星级酒店的繁华,我觉得即使是在Miami Beach上的几个小时也是非常的有意思的。

当然,能够在短短的时间内,形成2,3千迈,还是要感谢司机Luyang Wang同志的辛勤,让我们在道路与道路之间感受到了南佛罗里达的冬日之美。


Figure 1. National Parks(NPs) 在佛州

需要指出的是National Park并不仅仅指的是Park,它也可以指Historic Sites,或者是Battlefield Site,或者是Memorial Sites,所以这个park也是很广义的理解。

下面关于NPs的资料,主要取自www.nps.gov

Gulf islands

The Gulf Islands National Seashore is located in Mississippi and Florida, and offers visitors a variety of cultural and natural resource opportunities.  
最近,oil spill 也比较影响这里的旅游环境。

Although Gulf Islands National Seashore is 80% submerged lands, the islands and mainland sites attract millions of visitors each year.

In Florida all areas are accessible by car, located on Santa Rosa Island. Fort Pickens road is subject to flooding see details or call 850-934-2656.

In Mississippi, only the Davis Bayou Area located in Ocean Springs is accessible by car.

Outdoor activity

Whether you visit the Seashore for a day or a week there are many activities and places to explore. Activities include swimming, bicycling, snorkeling, fishing, hiking, beach combing, wildlife watching, boating, and primitive camping.

Castillo de San Marcos National Monument

在St. Augustine的遗迹,450年的历史。一个雄壮的声音从这里崛起。

America Begins Here

A monument not only of stone and mortar but of human determination and endurance, the Castillo de San Marcos symbolizes the clash between cultures which ultimately resulted in our uniquely unified nation. Still resonant with the struggles of an earlier time, these original walls provide tangible evidence of America's grim but remarkable history.

Fort Matanzas National Monument

Castillo de San Marcos差不多,主要是反应殖民抗争史的。

Timeless Vigil

Coastal Florida was a major field of conflict as European nations fought for control in the New World. As part of this struggle, Fort Matanzas guarded St. Augustine's southern river approach. The colonial wars are over, but the monument is still protecting—not just the historic fort, but also the wild barrier island and the plants and animals who survive there amidst a sea of modern development.

Timucuan Preserve

佛州的景观还是有很多相似的地方,至少hammock如此;标题倒是挺诗意的,where the waters meet。既有人文历史,又有自然景色。由于佛州是很多早期settler的第一站,很多的人文历史也因此与这些外来人所遗留下来的heritage有关系。

Where the Waters Meet

Visit one of the last unspoiled coastal wetlands on the Atlantic Coast. Discover 6,000 years of human history and experience the beauty of salt marshes, coastal dunes, and hardwood hammocks.

The Timucuan Preserve includes Fort Caroline and Kingsley Plantation.

Fort Caroline memorializes the short-lived French presence in sixteenth century Florida.

Canaveral National Seashore

相比于之前的标题,这个似乎有点貌不惊人,但是光是一个National Seashore,应该就足以构成唯一了,只是列举出来的很多的东西并没有发现与Biscayne的差别很大。

Welcome to Canaveral National Seashore

Situated on a barrier island along Florida's east coast, inviting park highlights include pristine, undeveloped beach, dunes and lagoon offering sanctuary to an abundant blend of plants and animals. Year-round recreation includes fishing, boating, canoeing, surfing, sunbathing, swimming, hiking, camping, nature and historical trails.

Monday, February 14, 2011

Born on the 4th of July Review

Rui Chen
02-09-2011
Film review for Born on the 4th of July(1989) in Chinese

生于7月4日是Oliver Stone 越战三部曲(野战排,生于7月4日,天与地(--后两部都是根据传记改编,第三部是以越南女性为主人公的))中的第二部,如果说野战排讲的还只是军人们战争前后心理上的巨大反差和矛盾,这部生于7月4日可以算作是对矛盾爆发的一种展现。影片取材于一位越战老兵的传记,同时也融合了Olver Stone的个人生活体验,与获得巨大成功的《阿甘正传》对越战的描述形成了鲜明的对比,也在战后的反战思潮中形成了巨大的影响。

影片的一开始就对主人公做了一定的性格描写,喜欢模拟战,喜欢运动,喜欢淘气。当锣鼓喧嚣,烟花尽放,他却只是默然地去看着那些参与国庆游行的老兵。如果不是海军陆战队军宣官的鼓动,如果不是一场万众瞩目下摔跤比赛的失败。一个年少气盛、血气方刚的人如何会选择远渡重洋,跋涉万水地去往一个未知的东方国度,越南成为那里的排头兵。

尽管这部电影在Ronnie出发前的心理描述上并不是很细腻、真切,但是在整个青春澎湃的情绪渲染之下,电影还是做到了元素上的"面面俱到"。毕业舞会前和女友的交流上的错位,以及日后各自生活的分道扬镳,对于父亲的超市职员生活的瞧不起,母亲一个虔诚基督徒对自己生活方式的严加管制,让自己甚至是毫不犹豫地选择了这么一条路。海军陆战队是最优秀的不对,战无不胜攻无不取的军队,又让这个自尊心极强的年轻人在朋友的聚会之中毫不犹豫地说出了自己为国站在最前列的想法,当面对质疑之后,却又是不断地抛出"当国家需要你的时候,你为它做了什么(类似??)"。

--越战战场上的场景分析

如果只是心存国家,这个人必定无畏,这个人必定会像Ronnie一样,在看到电视的时候会说出,如果国家让我死,我也可以做得到。但是在越南的战场上,面对着瞬间失去双亲、哭泣中的婴儿,措手不及中打死了挚友所带来的巨大情感伦理上的冲击时,Ronnie有些疑惑了,我想战场上的Ronnie并不是一个求生欲特别强的人,在脊肋中弹的时候,他并没有特别强烈地,喃喃地喊出"我要回家",或者我在想其实这场战争中所作所为已经让他有了以死谢罪的想法。

如果说战争带来的残忍还只是有如生死之间那种短暂的痛,那返回医院后的下半身彻底瘫痪,以及睡梦之中时常袭来的挚友倒下,婴儿哭泣的情景则彻底剥夺了他那平静的生活,那来到美国之前,虽有波澜但不跌宕的生活。回家也就像是梦中起身奔跑的愿望,让自己的心情愉悦。

其实离开也未过多久,但周围的邻居却像是见到了陌生人一般驻足许久之后才上前招呼。弟弟的不解,朋友的幸福生活,父母的关爱,让自己感受到了缺失,让自己的自尊心一次次地受挫,终于在经历过癫狂之后,倒在了众人围观、瞩目之中。我是在干什么,我是在干什么。弟弟的生活就是参战前的自己,而自己的争锋相对也只是想对应地获得某种肯定;朋友的幸福生活就是我本来可以有的第二种选择,如果人生可以重来,我是否也会和众多的美女作伴,自由、挺立地生活;以前总是父母的骄傲,似乎总是被寄予过高的期许,换做另外一个身体状态,父母才仿佛给了我真正的关心,但这又有什么用,看着过去自己健硕的身姿,我只能是将其覆去,卷手考虑新的生活。其实,我也可能只是想获得一些同龄人的乐趣,Party,Club,而这些简单的生活却也只能是惨淡地收场。

--从个人对个人到国家对国家的高度,与后面的总统竞选相照应。

如果只是这种生活上的比较,那层次至多也就是个人对个人,我们也只能将其归结为人生道路上个人的选择失败,而如果是置于国家的高度,境界自然会有很大的不同。在这里Oliver也增补了一个传记中没有的细节,那就是Kent State Univ.的示威游行。就好像在老兵医院里,自己对那些烧毁旗帜的年轻人愤怒不已一样,回家的经历让自己的心情平复愿意带着审视的目光去看看这些同龄人的想法。然而,当自己被宪警扑倒在地时,脑海却像是立马受到了精神洗礼一番,迷茫,反思过后,让自己成为了最执着、最坚定的反战人士。

--Story sequence after coming back from battlefield

56:40 Back home -> 1:01:15 See friend's business ->1:04:30 Quarrel with Tommy -> 1:11:00 Welcome to Veteran -> 1:22:30 Kent State Shooting -> 1:29:10 Dance to the ground -> 1:31:38 Quarrel with mom (highlight, climax) who is going to love me(repeat..) -> 1:35:30 Mexico trip (1:41:50 Ronnie's cry, 1:49:40 Quarrel and fight) -> 1:54:20 Sincere apology to killed partner's relatives (Wilson's wife: I can never forgive you, but maybe the LORD can.) -> 2:02:30 Antiwar and the president's campaign at Miami convention center(Ronnie: I love America, we love the people of the America very much. But when it comes to the government, it stops right there. The government is a bunch of corrupt, thieves. They are rapists and rubbers. And We are here to say we don't need to take any more. We are here to tell the truth.) -> 2:10:15 Attend the president election

Love and Basketball review

Rui Chen
1-31-2011

导演兼编剧Gina Prince-Bythewood的处女作。

这是一部爱情影片,但是对生活选择的态度,对梦想的执着追求让我们在分享主人公感情起起落落的同时,也品味到了人生百态。

电影采用了篮球比赛的设置,分为四段,跨越式地描述了Quincy 和Monica的相识、相知、相爱。尽管整部片子主演、配角都是黑人,但是,Prince-Bythewood的视角却并不宽泛,并不具有普遍意义,两个孩子是在Monica 搬到LA的upper middle class burb, Baldwin Hills之后才相互认识对方,良好的家境,让父母对子女的教育也是甚为重视,Quincy的父亲是NBA的球星,而Monica 的爸爸也是银行高管。无忧无虑的简单生活,可以让他们脱离掉真爱(注:另一部电影)的邪恶环境,而自由地在小学阶段相互表达爱意。简单,纯粹!

两个场景的分析

生活只是在长大之后才发生变化。当相亲相爱的父母在Quincy面前分道扬镳时,Quincy才猛然间明白父亲是在心智成熟之前就承担起了婚姻所带来的责任。而此时此刻的Quincy星途坦荡,他可能也在怀疑Monica这个tomboy未来给自己带来的压力,他的炙热情感让他有些情怯、畏缩。而父亲的不负责任也更让他想提前进入到NBA之中,不仅仅是一种对家长规划生活的叛逆,也是想承担起更多现实家庭的责任。

这种感情是复杂的,诚如后面再次面对Monica时,他才发现自己当初的冲动和失落,对任何人的不信任,让自己把命运置于一场对未来的赌博之中。这其实是也是对自己生活价值的一种挑衅,一种对过往生活决裂的态度,和对父母教育的叛逆。而此时家庭的客观需求,也成了自己转入职业联队的助推剂。

Monica 和母亲

就像是在看情感魔方(上海卫视的电视节目),这对问题母女之间的冷战,以及一次次的争吵,让我们看到了母女长期交流沟通的无效性。

    Monica: So what do I do?

Mom: Find out where they're registered and send a gift.

Monica: Whatever

Mom: Is that still your answer to everything?

Monica: When you come at me with bullshit like that.

Mom: Are they cursing their mamas in Spain?

这是否是双方之间的不理解,细细玩味,你总是能感觉到Monica似乎是一个太有主意的人,母亲的回答只是不对胃口。但母女释然后,母亲的话又成了Monica 争取幸福的最重要的动力。

Mom: I might be a little more prissy in this situation that you...

    but remember when I said

Quincy could do better?

I was talkin' about you.

本片严格说来应该是一部平行叙事的影片,诚如海报所现,篮球只是这个并不复杂故事的重要纽带。在我看来,这部melodrama也不是一部Cinderella Story。一个圆满的故事结局是男女共同努力的结果。

还有些影评说道了,这部片子是color-blind,但是在gender上还是有差异,这点我也是不认同,Monica从别的女生中一次次抢回了Quincy,甚至是后来的Fiancée 中再次赢得Quincy的感情,我觉得也是男女心中对真实自我的审视、选择的结果。还有男子篮球与女子篮球竞赛环境的差异也是客观真实的反应,而不能仅仅说这是男女差异的结果。

Stereotype in Media

Rui Chen
2-14-2011
Stereotype discussions for Usual Suspects(1995) and Born on 4th of July(1989)

Stereotype, a common social phenomenon, is deeply rooted in the inside of the public. From Merriam-Webster, it is explained as something conforming to a fixed or general pattern, especially, a standardized mental picture that is held in common by members of a group and that represents an oversimplified opinion, prejudiced attitude, or uncritical judgment. Sometimes, it is often confused with prejudice(Wikipedia). In all, stereotype is not positive and often misleads the people to believe what may actually not happen.

When it comes to the mass media, like films, the stereotype would be a perfect tool that can be utilized to make the contradictions. The normal logic will be suddenly disturbed, and the thriller with surprise will hit the audience's minds, because of the unwilling expectations. So due to this exclusive feature, the stereotype is kind of indispensable factor to the criminal films.

Unlike other criminal films, the stereotype creates the most misleading part that almost everyone(including me) does not believe that the cripple would be the suspect. Due to the weird storytelling way, no one can actually distinguish between what really happened and what never happened at all. From the online review, it is argued that the ending seems extra, and can be taken off for better effect. However, I do not agree with that. The story would be complete with the ending, although, it is sad to see the true suspect escape from the punishments. Besides, with the uncovered suspect, the possible margin between the start and the end could be left for studying the criminal motives, while the intentions of the film may probably show that not all cases can be solved because of the human error, bias.

Like Dave Kujan from US Customers placed wrong belief that Dean Keaton would definitely the Legend Keyser Soze, Ron Kovic from Born on the 4th of July also believe in both the country and the government without any hesitance at the very beginning. However, as time goes on, the sufferings both in the hospital and at home, especially, the witness of the Kent state shootings, make him stand at the opposite side of government and an anti-Vietnam War's figure. The stereotype in the film may probably rely on the young generation's true love of the country and the confusion that Vietnam War brought to these veterans. Especially, when someone suffered from the guilty of killing the orphan's parents without any reasonable reasons and shooting the partner, his deeds can hardly understood and accepted by the neighbors and his friends. What impressed me most is that Ronnie shouts at his mom because that he will never have sex ability. This is out of long time suppressed anger, and eventually become the eye-drops and sopping at the hooker's night. The accusation of the government becomes no more obvious here, what the war brings to the individuals are not only loss of parents and sons, but also the ability of enjoying having sex and babies. In face of the heartbreaking disasters, someone may give up seeking outside help because they attribute those consequences are his/her wrong choice. However, the Kent State shooting becomes the turning point to draw Ronnie from the sway on life to a anti-Vietnam War veteran. I love my country, I just don't believe the government. becomes almost the tagline of the film and campaign slogan for Ronnie.

After the pioneering movies, something also becomes normal and seems like another stereotype. The LAPD chairman Dudley Smith in LA Confidential(1997) is a real evil policeman. In 1999, the little boy in Identity is anther perfect example, and he is the backstage manipulator. Like I said above, Usual Suspects leaves some many margins enough for making up a whole story including the motives and the details of how to commit the crimes, while LA Confidential seems better in the story telling.

The stereotype in autobiography films seems not so relevant. From Forrest Gump(1994) to A Beautiful Mind(2001), what is often admired is to directly face the music. So what discussed in the Born on the 4th of July is not the traditional autobiography, but the feelings of a veteran towards a government. Unlike the warm welcome from the WWI and WWII, these losers in the battlefield should learn how to start a new life and how to sooth the wounded hearts. With the Kent State shootings and something like that, the original true believes in government are turned over. So the turning point should be the very important scene in the film that can be categorized as difference from the normal war films.